Abetalipoproteinemia

Last reviewed May 1, 2025

Disease overview

Rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the inability to form chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins due to a deficiency of apolipoprotein B (apoB). This deficiency leads to fat malabsorption, low serum cholesterol, and deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins.

Common symptoms

RBC acanthocytosisFat malabsorptionDiarrheaVomitingPoor GrowthMuscle WeaknessPoor Night / Color VisionTremorsMovement DifficultiesSpeech DifficultiesFailure to thrive

Diagnosis

  • Genetic testing for mutations in the MTTP gene
  • Physical exam
  • Blood tests

Treatment

Dietary modifications and vitamin supplementation

treatment

Goal is prevention of secondary comorbidities due to fat and vitamin malabsorption

treatment

No specific physicians specialize in this condition, often managed by pediatrics and GI. Referral to Medical Genetics Department, if available. Initial virtual care is also available through organizations like TeleRare Health.

Recruiting clinical trials

Completed clinical trials

Sources

1
Abetalipoproteinemia – National Organization for Rare Diseases

Abetalipoproteinemia is a rare inherited disorder affecting fat absorption by the intestine and mobilization by the liver. Inability to absorb fat results in deficiencies of lipids and various essential vitamins...

2
Abetalipoproteinemia Clinical Trials – National Library of Medicine

This study will determine whether short term intravenous infusion of vitamins A and E in patients with abetalipoproteinemia can reverse disease symptoms...

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